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Career
Coach - september '07 |
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IN THIS ISSUE:
- Future career path of gifted youth can
be predicted by age 13
-
University graduates earn more
money and find jobs more easily
- Female academic performance lies
in the gender
balance
- Advantage of Online
Education
-
Scientific literacy happens –
when students think for
themselves.
-
Students are the latest target of
credit card
companies
-
Low-slung pants are actually
prison
uniform |
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Editorial
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Future
career path of gifted youth can be predicted by age
13
The
future career path of gifted youth can be predicted well by
their performance on the SAT at age 13, finds a new study by
Vanderbilt University.
The
research was drawn from the Study of Mathematically Precocious
Youth (SMPY), which is tracking 5000 individuals over 50
years, identified at age 13, as being highly intelligent by
their SAT scores.
David Lubinski and Camilla Benbow, psychology
professors and the study authors looked at the educational and
professional accomplishments of 2409 adults who had been
identified as being in the top 1 per cent of ability, 25 years
earlier at age 13. The creative potential of these
participants was extraordinary. They earned a total of 817
patents and published 93 books.
“We
found significant differences in the creative and career paths
of individuals who showed different ability patterns on the
math ad verbal portions of the SAT at age 13,” said Benbow,
who is also a member of the National Science Board and Vice
Chair of the National Mathematics Advisory Panel. “Individuals
showing more ability in math had greater accomplishments in
science, technology, engineering and mathematics, while those
showing more ability on the verbal portion of the test went on
to excel in humanities – art, history, literature, languages,
drama and related fields.”
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University
graduates earn more money and find jobs more
easily
 More
widespread university education means more prosperous
economies, according to OECD’s (Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development) latest edition of
‘Education at a Glance’. In all countries, university
graduates earn more money and find jobs more easily than
people who have not had a university education. Fears of
crowding-out effect, whereby more graduates would mean
more unemployment appear not to be
justified.
‘Education at a Glance’ is a compendium of
international education indicators providing measures of
quality, quantity, equity and efficiency of education
systems. It provides governments with internationally
comparable data as a basis for policy
decisions.
The latest report of OECD highlights the
following facts.
Graduation rates tend to be the highest in
countries where programmes are of shorter
duration
Higher education enrolments continue to grow – in
some countries more than 75 percent of high school
graduates going to higher
education.
Even with this continued expansion, the earnings
advantage of those with university degrees has not
deteriorated and in fact has increased in many
countries.
On an average, unemployment rates among people
who do not complete high school, are seven points higher
than those with university degrees.
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Female
academic performance lies in the gender
balance
Walking
into a situation in which you sense the possibility of
being outnumbered or isolated can be quite threatening.
One group that may experience this kind of threat is
women who participate in math, science and engineering
settings – setting in which the gender ratio is
approximately three men to every one woman.
In the wake of comments made by former Harvard
University President, Larry Summers that women may not
possess the same natural ability in these fields (Math,
Science and Engineering) as men do, several leading
institutions, started studying the reasons for the
under- representation of women in these areas.
While previous research offers biological and
socialization explanations for differences in the
performance and representation of men and women in these
fields, Stanford psychologists Mary Murphy and Claude
Steele suggest that situational cues (being outnumbered)
may contribute to a decrease in women’s performance
expectations as well as their actual
performance.
Murphy and colleagues showed a group of MSE
(Math, Science and Engineering) undergraduates, a gender
unbalanced video, where women were outnumbered by men in
a 3 to 1 ratio. The researchers measured the
participants’ physiological arousal, cognitive
vigilance, sense of belonging and the desire to
participate.
The results are telling. The women, who watched
the video, experienced faster heart rates, sweating and
reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to
participate in the conference. They also found that
women were more vigilant to their physical environment.
The attention allocation toward physical environment
could have inhibited their cognitive functioning. The
research suggests that situational cues and lower
attention allocation could interfere with performance
and might help explain the performance gap between men
and women in math, science and
engineering.
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Advantage
of online education
The number of students who opt for online degree
programmes is steadily increasing over the years. The
many advantages of studying online, convinces more and
more students to take up online degree programmes. Here
are a few of the many advantages of online
education.
Full-time job: Students can take up a
full-time job or continue in their present job. It
obviates the necessity of taking an educational loan or
depending on parents to finance their
education.
Lower cost: Online education costs much
less than campus education.
Flexible study-time: Students can learn
the lessons at the time convenient to them - early
morning, late night, weekends or
holidays.
Work
experience: Since online students start working
earlier, the experience they gain helps them in faster
career growth.
Savings in living
expenses: Living expenses abroad is always higher
than living expenses at home. Online education leads to
substantial savings in living expenses.
Favourable climate: When students travel
abroad for education, the climate may not suit them and
could affect their health and studies. Online students
need not have any health concerns due to adverse
climate.
Cultural compatibility: Students who
travel abroad for education often find it difficult to
adapt to a new cultural environment. Online students do
not face such difficulties.
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Scientific
literacy happens – when students think for
themselves.
“Give college students less instruction and more
freedom to think for themselves in laboratory classes,
and the result may be a four-fold increase in their test
scores,” says Steve Rissing, professor of evolution,
ecology and organism biology at
Ohio
State
University.
Rissing cited one particularly difficult
laboratory experiment in which student worked with
enzymes. Student often struggled through this exercise
and usually scored poorly.
Rissing advocated different approaches to two
groups of students, while teaching the experiment. The
first group used what Rissing calls the ‘cookbook
method’ – they followed step-by-step instructions on how
to carry out the experiment and display their results.
These students were provided with a standard, prepared
enzyme solution. The second group of students had to
prepare their own enzyme solution from a piece of raw
turnip. They were also given more freedom to think
though their approach to the same experiment and were
encouraged to use critical thinking and hands-on
discovery to come up with their approach.
At the end of their respective experiments, both
groups of students were asked one simple question. Where
do enzymes occur in nature? Only 23 percent of the
students in the ‘cookbook’ group answered the question
correctly but 83 percent of the students who developed
their own approach gave the right answer. (Enzymes come
from living tissue)
Rissing’s goal is to teach students to be
independent and objective thinkers – to create a group
of scientifically literate citizens.
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top
Students
are the latest target of credit card
companies
Students have become the latest
target of aggressive 
marketing by credit card companies. They come
out with innovative marketing ideas such as a free
shopping vouchers or free tickets to an entertainment
show, when a student signs up for a credit card. Their
marketing campaigns are prepared after carefully
studying the students’ psychology. They plant a message
in the students’ psyche that it is a privilege to own a
credit card. Students easily succumb to the ‘privilege’
trump card.
The Public Interest Research Group in the
US has started
an awareness campaign urging colleges to restrict
soliciting of students by credit card companies. Ed
Mierzwinski, Director of the group said. “On- campus
campaigns with gifts may be more dangerous to students’
financial health than other approaches. There is a
tendency for impulse purchase of the card
itself.”
Parents have welcomed the group’s campaign. One
parent said she warned her daughter about the dangers of
easy credit. Students do not have enough experience to
know the ramifications of using a credit card and having
to pay it back. Prof. Elizabeth Warren, a bankruptcy law
expert at Harvard Law said, “Parents need to teach their
kids basic survival skills.”
Robert D. Manning, author of ‘Credit Card Nation’
and a professor at Rochester Institute of Technology,
said that he found that even students from families with
a strong emphasis on savings began to reflect behaviour
of their more spendthrift peers, before
they graduated.
The solution lies in banning credit card
companies from issuing credit cards to anyone, who does
not have a regular income.
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top
Low-slung
pants is actually prison
uniform
 A growing number of cities in the
US, have
enacted laws that would make wearing low-slung pants
(saggy pants), an indecent exposure. These laws aim at
protecting people from being upset and offended. Whether
the authorities have enough time and resources to
enforce these laws, when there are more pressing
problems to deal with, is a question raised by many
people.
The new bill states, “It shall be unlawful for
any person to appear in public wearing his pants below
his waist and thereby exposing his skin or intimate
clothing.” The bill would crack down anyone- who wears
low-slinging, pants-sagging, belly-baring,
underwear-peeking pants.
Police Captain Ronnie Trahan says, “The problem
we are having is not with individual’s exposing their
underwear. It is exposing more than their underwear.”
Dallas State Representative Derrick Shepherd is
confident, “If we pull up their pants, we can lift their
minds.”
The
youngsters are unaware of the fact that what they
consider as ‘latest fashion’ is nothing but prison
uniform. The prison inmates are given pants which are
not tailor-made for them. And since belts are not
allowed inside the prison to prevent crime and suicide,
the pants are always saggy. It is okay to wear your
pants below your waist – inside the prison!
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